Conduct research to reconstruct record of past human life and culture from human remains, artifacts, architectural features, and structures recovered through excavation, underwater recovery, or other means of discovery.
Write, present, and publish reports that record site history, methodology and artifact analysis results, along with recommendations for conserving and interpreting findings.
Compare findings from one site with archeological data from other sites to find similarities or differences.
Research, survey, and/or assess sites of past societies and cultures in search of answers to specific research questions.
Study objects and structures recovered by excavation to identify, date, and/or authenticate them, and to interpret their significance.
Develop and test theories concerning the origin and development of past cultures.
Consult site reports, existing artifacts, and topographic maps to identify archeological sites.
Create a grid of each site, and draw and update maps of unit profiles, stratum surfaces, features, and findings.
Record the exact locations and conditions of artifacts uncovered in diggings or surveys, using drawings and photographs as necessary.
Assess archeological sites for resource management, development, or conservation purposes, and recommend methods for site protection.
Describe artifacts' physical properties or attributes, such as the materials from which artifacts are made, and their size, shape, function, and decoration.
Teach archeology at colleges and universities.
Collect artifacts made of stone, bone, metal, and other materials, placing them in bags and marking them to show where they were found.
Create artifact typologies to organize and make sense of past material cultures.
Lead field training sites and train field staff, students, and volunteers in excavation methods.
History and Archeology - Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civilizations and cultures.
Sociology and Anthropology - Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures and their history and origins.
Geography - Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human life.
English Language - Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
History and Archeology - Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civilizations and cultures.
Sociology and Anthropology - Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures and their history and origins.
Education and Training - Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.
Clerical - Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology.
English Language - Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
Mathematics - Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
Philosophy and Theology - Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, practices, and their impact on human culture.
Administration and Management - Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.
Geography - Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human life.
Personnel and Human Resources - Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems.
Computers and Electronics - Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
Foreign Language - Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition and grammar, and pronunciation.
This branch of the social sciences combines a broad understanding of history and prehistory with a natural curiosity about the past and how it relates to our present culture. The average archaeologist has a master's degree and has completed such coursework as ancient history, anthropology, ancient languages, geology, geography, and human physiology. A doctorate is preferred in this discipline. While in high school, students should take a college preparatory program. It will take a high school graduate approximately nine years to obtain a Ph.D. degree in archaeology. For additional information on education and training in this field, visit the Archaeological Institute of America online.
Reading Comprehension - Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.
Writing - Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
Active Learning - Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
Critical Thinking - Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.
Time Management - Managing one's own time and the time of others.
Instructing - Teaching others how to do something.
Complex Problem Solving - Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.
Science - Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
Speaking - Talking to others to convey information effectively.
Coordination - Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
Management of Financial Resources - Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for these expenditures.
Monitoring - Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.
Active Listening - Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
Oral Expression - The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.
Written Expression - The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.
Inductive Reasoning - The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).
Oral Comprehension - The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.
Written Comprehension - The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
Deductive Reasoning - The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.
Category Flexibility - The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.
Flexibility of Closure - The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material.
Near Vision - The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
Speech Clarity - The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
Information Ordering - The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).
Fluency of Ideas - The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).
Speed of Closure - The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into meaningful patterns.
Far Vision - The ability to see details at a distance.
Problem Sensitivity - The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.
Originality - The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.
Visualization - The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged.
Processing Information - Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.
Getting Information - Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work - Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.
Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events - Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
Analyzing Data or Information - Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships - Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge - Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
Communicating with Persons Outside Organization - Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.
Documenting/Recording Information - Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others - Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
Thinking Creatively - Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.
Training and Teaching Others - Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.
Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others - Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
Scheduling Work and Activities - Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates - Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
Handling and Moving Objects - Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.
Making Decisions and Solving Problems - Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
Performing General Physical Activities - Performing physical activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling of materials.
Monitoring and Controlling Resources - Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
Developing Objectives and Strategies - Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve them.
Judging the Qualities of Things, Services, or People - Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
Coaching and Developing Others - Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates - Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance standards and monitoring performance.
Investigative - Investigative occupations frequently involve working with ideas, and require an extensive amount of thinking. These occupations can involve searching for facts and figuring out problems mentally.
Realistic - Realistic occupations frequently involve work activities that include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations require working outside, and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
Attention to Detail - Job requires being careful about detail and thorough in completing work tasks.
Integrity - Job requires being honest and ethical.
Analytical Thinking - Job requires analyzing information and using logic to address work-related issues and problems.
Dependability - Job requires being reliable, responsible, and dependable, and fulfilling obligations.
Adaptability/Flexibility - Job requires being open to change (positive or negative) and to considerable variety in the workplace.
Initiative - Job requires a willingness to take on responsibilities and challenges.
Cooperation - Job requires being pleasant with others on the job and displaying a good-natured, cooperative attitude.
Achievement/Effort - Job requires establishing and maintaining personally challenging achievement goals and exerting effort toward mastering tasks.
Persistence - Job requires persistence in the face of obstacles.
Leadership - Job requires a willingness to lead, take charge, and offer opinions and direction.
Innovation - Job requires creativity and alternative thinking to develop new ideas for and answers to work-related problems.
Independence - Job requires developing one's own ways of doing things, guiding oneself with little or no supervision, and depending on oneself to get things done.
Autonomy - Workers on this job plan their work with little supervision.
Achievement - Workers on this job get a feeling of accomplishment.
Independence-Mean Extent - Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employs to work on their own and make decisions. Corresponding needs are Creativity, Responsibility and Autonomy.
Achievement-Mean Extent - Occupations that satisfy this work value are results oriented and allow employees to use their strongest abilities, giving them a feeling of accomplishment. Corresponding needs are Ability Utilization and Achievement.
Responsibility - Workers on this job make decisions on their own.
Ability Utilization - Workers on this job make use of their individual abilities.
Creativity - Workers on this job try out their own ideas.
Recognition - Workers on this job receive recognition for the work they do.
Social Status - Workers on this job are looked up to by others in their company and their community.
Moral Values - Workers on this job are never pressured to do things that go against their sense of right and wrong.
Independence - Workers on this job do their work alone.
Co-workers - Workers on this job have co-workers who are easy to get along with.
Recognition-Mean Extent - Occupations that satisfy this work value offer advancement, potential for leadership, and are often considered prestigious. Corresponding needs are Advancement, Authority, Recognition and Social Status.
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